2) Domination by South Africa
South Africa financed, provoked and encouraged strife within Africa - which led to numerous atrocities and civil wars.
4) The Big Men
African leadership. is replete with "big Men", egotistical, corrupt, tyrannical leaders who care only about power. The book quotes following disheartening statistic: Out of 200 regime changes in Africa during the last 30 years, zero were voluntary.
5) Corruption
Africa is ripe with corruption and bribing police officers, government officials, school teachers and administrators, has become commonplace. Why? Because wages are so low, and people are so poor. The only way to supplement your income and make more money is to accept bribes and encourage bribery.
6) Harsh Economic policies
Most of the foreign aid that goes to Africa is "tied" aid, meaning they get money, but they have to buy the goods of the country who gave them the money. For example, if Canada gave them a million dollars, they'd have to spend the million dollars buying our grains - which don't feed many people because they're so expensive. Also, most Western nations give only .07% of their budget to aid, although they pledged upwards of 1%.
7) China
China is a new player in Africa. It needs and wants to control much of the continents' resources, so it actively aids and develops many African countries. The problem is - it does so without moral conditions. In other words, it gives aid to corrupt and evil governments, and doesn't bother asking them to treat their people better.
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